Othello Essay

The narrative of Shakespeare’s Othello is driven by the skillfully interwoven elements of doubt, speculation and posturing that are present and intensified throughout. Though the play is filled with sympathetic characters, Iago and Roderigo being the only two whose intentions are known to the audience as malicious, each character is uniquely flawed and the playwright makes this apparent in even the most pedestrian exchanges.   As the focal point of the plot’s manipulation of its well-intended characters and the unseen catalyst of the ire rising between friends and lovers with no true trespasses toward one another, Iago is brilliant at exploiting such imperfection.   Iago uses the highly charged convergence of race and sexuality to act upon his own jealousies. Acting upon the marriage of Desdemona and Othello, a military hero promoted above Iago, the villain would deceive all parties to induce Othello toward the jealous murder of his faithful wife.   The dramatic resolution is underscored by the progressive discussion engaged by Shakespeare on race and sexuality in Jacobean England. In the opening scene, when Iago demands Brabantio’s attention to his daughter’s deflowering, he immediately inducts the audience into a key principle of the world which the characters inhabit.   Depicting to his advantage a circumstance in which some form of violation has occurred, Iago tells Brabantio that â€Å"Your heart is burst, you have lost half your soul / Even now, now, very now, an old black ram / is tupping your white ewe.† (1.1, 85-87)   This is the first recognition of the theme of race, with Othello’s Moorish ethnicity inciting hostility from Iago.   His jealous and deceptive ancient, Iago uses this characterization to draw a distinction between Othello’s sexual congress with Desdemona as opposed to that of a white man. A theme that would be explored throughout the work, this is a demonstration of the lascivious sexual character which society attributed to blacks.   More a means of differentiation than reality, Iago uses it in this context to inspire indignation from Brabantio over the transgression of his daughter’s purity.   The base terms in which he chooses here to describe Othello’s relationship with Desdemona are indicative of the attitude which pervades the order of men through the play’s five Acts regarding race, sexuality and the dynamic of power amongst all three.   And it is also telling to the perspective of the play itself that Iago’s racism provides the first set of eyes through which we are allowed to observe events and individuals.   As one critic notes of the conflict in the play, â€Å"we find out what it is for the first time only through Iago’s violently eroticizing and racilalizing report to Brabantio.† (Adelman, 25)   This hel ps to manipulate events right before the audience’s eyes.   Such a dynamic is further reinforced by Brabantio’s response: â€Å"Fathers, from hence trust not your daughters’ minds   By what you see them act.   Is there not charms By which the property of youth and maidhood   May be abused?† (1.1, 168-170). Here, Brabantio seems to address the audience, admonishing them of the guile which even young women are capable of.   It is unclear at this early juncture of the play whether it is Shakespeare’s intention to voice his estimation of the female mystique or whether he is beginning to establish what would flourish into a full-fledged lampoon of the vulnerabilities which men suffer to their women.   In the case of Brabantio, it is at least perceptible that he recognizes his susceptibility to manipulation, and that the soft and disarming charms of his beautiful daughter had clouded him of his judgment. This is a recurrent theme throughout the play.   Shakespeare straddles an obfuscating line through the narrative that divides the audience in its perception of his views on gender and race relations.   Without assigning blame to one gender more than the other, he sharply assails both men and women for their vagaries in lust and envy.   The manifestation in Othello is an unending cycle of suspicion and resentment.   In the author’s universe, the yielding and delicate exterior of woman plays easily on the resolution to justice which embodies his men.   For both sexes, this sets off a destructive pattern of deception and misperception. The insertion of race into this dynamic creates something of the explosive situation which Iago exploits. Brabantio in particular is a character who is peculiarly incapable of protecting himself from the manipulative ends of those around him.   It is perhaps of some central importance to the play that much of his consternation and confusion centers around his skewed perspective on sexuality, which he typically characterizes as an act of natural transgression.   Proving himself most permeable to Iago’s suggestions, which wisely prey on the Senator’s sexual complex, Brabantio is equally inclined to view men as capable of deception.   Hurling an accusation at Othello over the violation of his daughter, Brabantio quickly shifts from a misogynistic mode to one of egalitarian mistrust: â€Å"Damned as thou art, thou hast enchanted her! For I’ll refer me to all things of sense, If she in chains of magic were not bound, Whether a maid so tender, fair, and happy, So opposite to marriage that she shunned The wealth, curled darlings of our nation, Would ever have, t’incur a general mock, Run from her guardage to the sooty bosom Of such a thing as thou.† (1.3, 63-70) Beyond another explicitly racist sentiment which Brabantio expresses here, there is a complicated set of views on gender, gender roles and the value system which he uses to contextualize the relationship between men and women.   His emphasis here on Desdemona’s rejection of men with great affluence, rank and reputation, especially in favor of the Moorish Othello, as justification for his scurrilous accusations is based not on a sense of who his daughter is, who Othello is or necessarily even the role that race plays in the matter.   More, Brabantio is inclined to an understanding of gender relations which centers on the material rule of society.   In this way, his perspective represents a conservative conception of how the sexes and races are intended to interact.   As another critical perspective denotes, â€Å"Othello is one play, moreover, that intermixes the differences of race and sexuality as the specters of performance.† (Murray, 93) This is to say that the provocative questions there associated are pitched about with a remarkable candor in a play composed in 1622.   Ultimately, even as Othello becomes an aggressor and his own worst enemy, Shakespeare evades the easy connotations of race and sexuality that seem to be at the basis of Iago’s deceit, weaving instead a deeply nuanced outlook on a very complex subject.

The strategic role of the Royal British Navy in the First World War

Introduction The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom (UK) is the oldest part of Britain’s combat forces and is often referred to as the â€Å"Senior Service†. The Naval Service is comprised of the Royal Navy, Royal Marines, Royal Fleet Auxiliary, Fleet Air Arm and reserve forces. From the 18th century up to the end of World War II, the Navy was the world’s principal and most powerful navy. Therefore it played a very important role during the period in keeping Britain’s position as the ultimate ‘superpower.’ The Royal Navy used various strategies and tactics such as the Antwerp, Mesopotamia, Gallipoli and the Zeebruge campaigns. The involvement of various sections of the Royal Navy helped to make sure of victories against serious enemies and opponents of British interests (Benbow 2011). This paper discusses the role of the Royal British Navy during the First World War by analyzing the war tactics they used in varying campaigns both on land and on sea. In the first place, the Royal Navy was crucial from a defensive point of view, a point made all the more acute by the fact that Britain is an island nation that is relatively isolated geographically. In terms of the home front, therefore, the navy was the first and more imperative line of defence. It must be considered, as an adjunct to this, that the wealth and power of Britain relied in large part on his expansive Empire, which could not have been protected by means other than naval power. It might be argued, of course, that Britain had established effective naval supremacy at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 (Benbow 2011; Halpern 1994). However, despite the nation’s best efforts in conflicts such as the Seven Years War, among others, the state of affairs in 1805 had in actual fact been reversed to a significant extent by the turn of the 20th century. By the time of WWI, Britain’s navy was fairly outdated and its competitors were on the ascendant (Benbow 2011). The changing status quo by WWI made the burden on the navy heavier than ever. It still remained its 19th-century reputation as the ultimate military power and it had massive capacity to move soldiers and vessels across large international spaces territories. It still, moreover, had the capability to prevent rivals from doing similar strategic moving of troops and equipment (Halpern 1994). The floating gun vessels in particular were a devastating tool in the arsenal that frequently made it impossible for foreign leaders to act against Britain. The crucial fact was that the Royal Navy was able to stymie the efforts of foreign powers, making certain that there was always a supply of tradecrafts and raw materials so that Britain’s factories could make and distribute their products overseas. The Laissez Faire economic model that Britain adopted as the basis of its trading would not have been possible without the authority of the Royal Navy (Friedman 2001; Halpern 1994). It is clear , therefore, that regardless of apparent historical supremacy, the navy as important as ever in economic and defensive terms during WWI. Another aspect of the Royal Navy’s powerful role was control of communications and supply lines, so that it was possible to link up the Empire and control activities across the globe. Throughout the whole period, the Royal Navy’s war preparation and entry into the First World War demonstrates its state-of-the-art operation. This ability, however, arose not just through the navy itself but also the vast and sophisticated underpinning of expertise and strategy. For example, the Royal Navy was backed by a comprehensive research programme into maritime history, careful studies of allied and defensive maneuvers, and knowledge of politics and power in various regions across Europe and beyond (Friedman 2001). An important part of this was that Navy’s role in reconnaissance and observation. It was able to procure information about the capabilities of rivals, for example, whether political, military, or economic. The strategic role of the navy is best discussed in the context of contemporary events. The Germans marched into France and Belgium in August 1914 and desperately needed a â€Å"flying column†. At this time, Britain had between 20 000 to 30 000 navy reservists but could not make sure that all these reservists played a full role. Those parties in charge of strategy concluded that there were enough reserve soldiers to create two groups that would form vital brigades. So, in Britain the Naval Brigades and the Royal Marines Brigade were set up. The brigades became publicly recognized as the RND (Royal Naval Division) and soon after they were sent to Ostend, where they took part in a fierce battle in Antwerp. This battle demonstrates a number of different things about the strategic important of the navy. On the one hand, it indicates a clear purpose: the opposing of a German threat on the continent which, if unimpeded by the reservists, might have become a serious threat. The Marines were among the only British forces participating at the battle of Antwerp, and they brought about Germany’s withdrawal of a large proportion of their troops from the French front in order to capture of Antwerp (Stephenson 2011). However, the extent to which these soldiers struggled in due to poor training and shortages of proper equipment suggests that at this stage the Royal Navy was of limited strategic value. Thus, the Belgium army, which was comprised of mainly six divisions, was overcome by the Germans at Liege and the River Gate and had to retreat to the stronghold city of Antwerp (Halpern 1994). Had the Royal Navy been more adept in the first place this might never have occurred. However, the strategic role of the navy in this instance was salvaged to an extent when Winston Churchill, astutely realizing the important of Antwerp, bolstered the city using the Royal Navy Division. In this way, a key strategic position, in terms of Allied shipping, was saved by virtue of the navy. This point is made all the more compelling by the fact that the Belgians were forced to withdraw their forces from the fray on 6t October 1914, opening the path to a German victory. The intervention of the Royal Navy therefore came at a critical moment, heightening its importance (Grove 1987). The tactics of the Royal Naval Division on this occasion also suggests strategic relevance. An innovative plan was devised by which the troops dug trenches so that they could position themselves strategically during the battle. The aftermath of the battle is also worth mentioning. On 11 October 1914, the residual divisions of the Royal Navy Division arrived back home in England and immediately commenced their training camp in Blanford in Dorset (Jolly 2000). Crucially, they brought with them Belgian experience and the innovation of British armed forces. Changes were made to the training to better prepare the Naval Division as well as the Marine substitutes, that in the future would be selected and serve in Royal Marine battalions. Thus, through the navy’s combat experience and later role in Britain, the capability of the armed forces was enhanced. The French believed the Germans were on maneuvers in Belgium and sent some ships to trouble the German cavalry which were by now in North of Dunkirk. This maneuver was successful, which managed to give the impression that it was the central army. The British forces began to move ahead towards Brasa and captured Fort Zain. They also stopped efforts by the Turks to obstruct the river so the Turkish forces retreated from Brasa. Then, General Sir Arthur Barrett, the commander of the British army, deployed regiments to the city and the British forces established a strong occupation on 23 November 1914 (Knight 2006). The triumphant campaign allowed the majority of the British troops to return home, leaving only a small garrison. This episode is more than mere narrative. It reveals that for certain periods the Royal Navy was rendered almost redundant in a military sense due to a lack of conflict at sea. This is suggested by the fact that on 28 August, marines were located on ships during t he battle of Heligoland, with no lives lost. Later, however, at the Battle of Coronel in November, the British forces experienced a loss of 196 soldiers. One of the last encounters at sea was in 1914 during the Battle of the Falkland Islands in December. The importance of the navy was brought back into focus when, towards the end of 1914, the deadlock between the Western and Eastern Fronts ceased (Friedman 2011). This allowed the British Navy to establish and consolidate maritime control and superiority, but it was not practical to have the opening of a similar instance as Trafalgar. The British administration therefore needed to begin searching for an alternative that would conclude the war. During December 1914, the strategic importance of the navy on the Western Front became apparent. The British government had responded to a request for assistance from Russia, which was struggling to fight the Turks in the Caucuses. On 2 January 1915, the Secretary of State for War, Field Marshal Lord Kitchener agreed to demonstrate British strength to support Russia (McMillan 2013). Kitchener could not take any troops from the Western Front, so he turned to naval capacities for active involvement. As a result, the best location for action would be the tapered strip of water from the Mediterranean into the Sea of Marmara. The purpose and plan, masterminded by Winston Churchill, was to avoid the Turkish capital, First Lord of the Admiralty. Churchill created a complicated structure of a ‘third Allied front’ which gave tremendous assistance to Russia. The Royal Naval Division, moreover, went on to form an important part of the Mediterranean Expeditionary force (MEF), was wh ich also included the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), the 29th Division (British Army) and the Royal Naval Division (RND) (Dupuy 1967). Responsibility for the division was given to General Sir Ian Hamilton, The marines’ first conflict was in March 1915, where they targeted Turkish citadels and 22 individuals lost their lives while several others were injured. On 25 April the Plymouth Battalion with a group of 2nd South Wales Borderers landed on â€Å"Y† beach where a number of soldiers lost their lives (Churchill 1940). However, these successes were not without setbacks, and it should not be concluded that the Royal Navy was unequivocally of strategic value in these cases. There had been an early problem when the navy initially landed on 25 April and this had given Turkey chance of help to organize their defenses from Germany especially on top of cliffs that gave a direct view of the neighboring beaches and into the interior of the land (Dupuy 1967). On 28th April, the Chatham Battalion landed on the Anzac shoreline in order to safeguard a beach, and they stayed there until 12th May despite many deaths and casualties. On the 29th April, the Admiralty gave control of the Royal Navy Division to the British War office and it became the 63rd Royal Naval Division. The 63rd also had control of the RM training division located at Blanford (Herwig 1987). During May and June, Royal Marines participated in warfare at the 2nd and 3rd Battles of Krithnia. Additionally, there was action at Achi Baba on the 12th June. The MEF held their initial position at Gallipoli to try and find a conclusion to the struggle (Herwig 1987). One point of important to note about this episode is that the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force (MEF), along with the Royal Navy, experienced various levels of difficulties and higher levels of casualties. This prompted MEF’s withdrawal from Gallipoli, moreover. Winston Churchill’s administration has received severe criticism for the large number of lives lost over this period, and it can reasonably be questioned whether such as campaign can be deemed of strategic value. One might even say it was a strategic folly in human terms; and as Osbourne (2004) points out, the fact that Churchill stepped down from the Admiralty as a result is damning. Following the activities of this period, more action then took place in the sea rather than on land. The Battle of Jutland was the largest wartime conflict that occurred at sea during World War I. The battle commenced on 31st May 1916 when Germany fired against the British Battle Cruiser regiments. Royal Marines proved their strategic value here, as they were involved in 10% of the most important naval attack on crafts (Osbourne 2004). This proportion comprised mainly RMA whose job during this time was to operate guns. As it got bigger, the battle looked like it was getting out of control. The next day, British demolisher vessels attacked and sunk the Pommern. However in total, the Germans lost 11 ships while the British lost 14 ships, which suggests strategic folly in numerical terms (Osbourne 2004). In May the same year, RMLI brigades arrived from Gallipoli and were repatriated to France where new resources and weapons were organised. In addition, they were given more manpower and upgraded weapons to machine guns. In July, the RM Company was joined by companies called Howe and Anson the 188th Brigade of the re-titled 63rd RND (Herwig 1987). This group moved to a fairly quiet region of the Western Front. At this point, because of new weapons technology it was necessary to safeguard the line using three trench positions. Common Trench warfare was intended for use in heavy infantry but that was not commonly experienced through the commando tactics of RMLI (Friedman 2011). These battalions became a vital element to the Battle of Ancre Heights near Beaumont Hill. There were financial implications for this battle, as well as many casualties. On 17th April 1917 the 1st and 2nd regiments participated in armed combat at Miraumant and also during the 2nd Battle of the Scarpe later that m onth. During this armed effort, troops from the 63rd Division took over captured Gavrelle, led by General C. Lawrie. Immediately afterward, the 63rd Division also participated in the Battle of Arleux (Friedman 2011). The RND marched to various regions including Arras and Ypres during the winter weather, carrying heavy army equipment. In Ypres, the battalions trained very hard to prepare for a key offensive on the German border, north of Ypres. When it happened, the attack would take the forces to the strategic location of the Paddebrek stream, in the north region of the canal (Randier 2006). Because of significant losses earlier that year the 1st and 2nd RMLI contingents joined together to increase their masses numbers. However, at this point, there were some signs that the war was moving towards an end and the Germans begun realizing that their momentum begun to slow down. Finally, on 8th August the British put into place their counter plan to impact on German troops, disturbing all levels of hierarchy in the army, including the German High Command. This appeared to be a possible chance for victory, although it is vital to point out that victory was not guaranteed. On 2nd to 3rd September 1918, the 1st and 3rd Armies fought at the Battle of Drocourt-Queant, alongside the 63rd (RN) division in the Third army (Morison 1942). On 27th September to 1st October 1918, the 1st and 3rd Armies also engaged in combat at the Battle of the Canal du Nord. During this time, the 63rd RN group was once again a component of the third Army (Stephenson 2011; Osbourne 2004). As has emerged through this essay, the strategic value of the Royal Navy was mixed. Many historians viewed Gallipoli as a catastrophic tragedy, facilitated by confusing tactics and problems that allowed the enemy to prepare for the attack (Stephenson 2011). However, despite awful circumstances, the Marines still managed several successes demonstrating that they were a significant force on the ground in the capacity of infantry. Many of the experiences acquired by soldiers in World War I were valuable resources that were applied again in the experiences they would go through in WWII (Stephenson 2011). This essay has detailed the many triumphs of the Royal Navy; however, of them all the Zeebruge campaign was arguably the most important in strategic terms (Koerver 2010). After dealing with frightful conditions and dreadful weather, the Marines still managed to carry out their responsibilities and sabotage the canal (Stephenson 2011). Their accomplishments led to an unintentional benefit of giving a confidence boost and momentum for all British soldiers involved in the conflict in other places (Knight 2006). As a final, but by no means insignificant point, the importance of the Royal Navy as a blockading force deserves a mention. The efforts of the marines and the navy kept Germany surrounded, creating barrier to many trade routes and ports, causing starvation and eventually defeat. This contributed to higher levels of bankruptcy, as Germany exhausted its finances trying to keep up with Britain (Stephenson 2011; Osbourne 2004). In conclusion, is clear that the Royal Navy was an indispensible strategic tool during WWI. It had the capacity to fight effectively in different environments and landscapes, as has been outlined in the narrative sections of this essay. It was also useful in observing and introducing a wide range of tactics, strategies, and military equipment to Britain, which helped to evolve many modern aspects of warfare that are still with us today (Knight 2006). Its versatility on land and sea, moreover, which has been outlined throughout this essay in description of campaigns, was enormously useful. In concrete terms, the most essential raids that consolidated included Antwerp, Mesopotamia, Gallipoli, and Zeebruge, all of which involved the Royal Navy. Of course, it certainly had its shortcomings, and some of its failures and blunders have been discussed. However, this is an inevitable part of the operations of any force. In the end, while the Germans lost the war for a wide range of reasons, the impact of the British Royal Navy was certainly one of them; it was undoubtedly of great strategic value. Reference List Benbow, T Naval Warfare 1914-1918: From Coronel to the Atlantic and Zeebrugge. (Newbury: Amber Books Ltd, 2011) Churchill, W The Second World War. Vol. 2, Their Finest Hour ( Houghton Mifflin Company, 1949) Dupuy, T. N. The Military History of World War I: naval and overseas war, 1916-1918. (New York: Franklin Watts, 1967) Friedman, N., Naval Weapons of World War One: Guns, Torpedoes, Mines, and ASW Weapons of All Nations: An Illustrated Directory (UK: Naval Institute Press 2011). Grove, E. Vanguard to Trident, (London: Naval Institute Press/The Bodley Head, 1987) Halpern, P. A Naval History of World War I. The Standard Scholarly Survey. (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1994) Koerver, H. J. German Submarine Warfare 1914 – 1918 in the Eyes of British Intelligence, (Reinisch: LIS 2010) Herwig, H. H. Luxury Fleet: The Imperial German Navy,1888-1918. (Oxon: Routledge, 1987) Joll, R. Jackspeak. (UK: Maritime Books, 2000) Will Knight, UK unveils plans for a new submarine fleet. New Scientist (Environment) 2006, McMillan, M. The War That Ended Peace: The Road to 1914(London: Profile Books Ltd, 2013) Morison, E. Admiral Sims and the Modern American Navy. (UK: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1942) Osbourne, E. W. Britain’s Economic Blockade of Germany, 1914–1919. (London and New York: Routledge 2004). Randier, J. La Royale: L’histoire illustree de la Marine Nationale Francaise. (Brest: Editions de la Cite, 2006) Stephenson, D. With our backs to the wall: Victory and defeat in 1918. (UK: Penguin, 2011)

Apple Value Chain Analysis

The process of transforming inputs into outputs compromises a number of primary and support activities† (Hill and Jones, 2001, p. 133). Each value is considered to be a source of competitive advantage. In the analysis, the company is being examined exclusively. SUPPORT ACTIVITIES Infrastructure Apple has an unprecedented cash position; in fact, the most cash held by any technological company (Schubarth C. , 2011). It has 97. 6 billion US dollar in cash (Schonfeld E. , 2012) and this allows the company to internally finance any development and expansion without cost of capital. Furthermore, Apple is working on reducing its greenhouse gas emissions that is used in production and transportation by redesigning its packaging relying on renewable energy (O’Reilly J. , 2009). Apple has a multi-functional structure that is flat to allow more flexibility (Apple Inc. 2012). As well as casual dress codes to allow effectiveness and to promote quick decision making and innovation. Human Resource Management Apple is following a lean management style and the philosophy of â€Å"having less is more†. Also Case Study will describe why Apple Inc. is a very successful company. That is Apply intentionally understaffing in order to be more productive and innovative (Sullivan, J. , 2011). Apple, also, has a selective hiring process to attract talented employees. Moreover, Apple offer a generous employee benefit program; as a result, pulling and retaining the industry leading those talented employees to promote the company (Masi B. 2009, p. 13). Technological Development Apple spend enormous amount of money on its Research and Development in order to push innovation further; thus stay ahead of competition. According to figures published in Apple’s 2012 annual report, RD expenditure hits 3. 4 billion US dollars which is nearly 40% increase than 2011 (Brodjanac D. , 2012). Apple as well protects its invention and innovation worldwide by filling patent. Procurement Since Apple is a member of the Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition (EICC), it works to guarantee fair treatment for its workers. In addition, Apple developed an ecosystem of suppliers to benefits from its strong relationships by keeping them close (Masi B. , 2009, p. 13). By doing that, it enables Apple to obtain its products and services within limited timeframe (Apple Inc. , 2012). Apple, occasionally, evaluates its relationships and enhances its suppliers’ ecosystem if needed. Moreover, Apple introduced a Supplier Diversity Program which is mainly for supporting any potential suppliers. This facilitates the visibility of these suppliers and develops the future relationships (Apple Inc. , 2012) PRIMARY ACTIVITIES Inbound Logistics Apple has a partnership with OEM in order to reduce development time, production, material and manufacturing costs. However, Apple supervises the entire process to control its quality (Francisco T. , 2011). Operations Apple outsourced to various Chinese manufacturers in order to employ its economy of scale; as a result eliminate the burden of production management. Apple, also, cooperate with other companies including HP and Samsung (Sherman E. , 2012). Furthermore, Apple designs its products in-house to eliminate production cost (Masi B. 2009, p. 14). Outbound Logistics Apple’s products are being delivered directly to its retail stores around the world to minimize inventory cost. To trim down shipping costs, Apple’s designing team developed packagings that are slim and light yet productive (Apple, 2012). Marketing and Sales Television commercial, online ads and print advertisements campaigns have been successful in promoting the App le’s products and services. Apple has a branding strategy that is emotions’ focused, humorous and simplicity. The ads theme is about lifestyle; innovation, imagination and aspiration (Masi B. , 2009, p. 14). In addition, Apple has a secretive strategy concerning new products or services in order to create suspension and publicity. It, also, sells its products to schools and universities; thus creating an exposure for the product or the service (Inside CRM, 2009). Services Having a great customer experience is fundamental priority for any businesses. Apple is a great example of customer focused; it believes that customer loyalty is a great strength to the company. Apple Genius Bar is one of its main services where customers get the best face to face support (Apple, 2012). Moreover, customers are always welcome for free consultation concerning any issues. Apple, in addition, offer one year warranty and customers then have the choice to purchase an extension warranty (Masi B. , 2009, p. 13). ALL http://www. scribd. com/doc/24134877/Strategic-Analysis-of-Apple-Inc-Brian-Masi Procurement http://www. apple. com/procurement/ Technological http://www. decryptedtech. om/news/apple-increasing-their-investments-in-research-and-development. html HR http://www. ere. net/2011/09/12/talent-management-lessons-from-apple-a-case-study-of-the-worlds-most-valuable-firm-part-1-of-3/ Infra. http://www. bizjournals. com/sanjose/news/2011/07/21/apples-cash-pile-up-16-to-762b. html http://techcrunch. com/2012/01/24/apple-97-6-billion-cash/ http://www. inboundlogistics. com/cms/article/how-green-is-apple/ Marketing sales http://www. insidecrm. com/articles/crm-blog/1 1-effective-strategies-apple-uses-to-create-loyal-customers-53510/ Operation Apple Value Chain Analysis The process of transforming inputs into outputs compromises a number of primary and support activities† (Hill and Jones, 2001, p. 133). Each value is considered to be a source of competitive advantage. In the analysis, the company is being examined exclusively. SUPPORT ACTIVITIES Infrastructure Apple has an unprecedented cash position; in fact, the most cash held by any technological company (Schubarth C. , 2011). It has 97. 6 billion US dollar in cash (Schonfeld E. , 2012) and this allows the company to internally finance any development and expansion without cost of capital. Furthermore, Apple is working on reducing its greenhouse gas emissions that is used in production and transportation by redesigning its packaging relying on renewable energy (O’Reilly J. , 2009). Apple has a multi-functional structure that is flat to allow more flexibility (Apple Inc. 2012). As well as casual dress codes to allow effectiveness and to promote quick decision making and innovation. Human Resource Management Apple is following a lean management style and the philosophy of â€Å"having less is more†. Also Case Study will describe why Apple Inc. is a very successful company. That is Apply intentionally understaffing in order to be more productive and innovative (Sullivan, J. , 2011). Apple, also, has a selective hiring process to attract talented employees. Moreover, Apple offer a generous employee benefit program; as a result, pulling and retaining the industry leading those talented employees to promote the company (Masi B. 2009, p. 13). Technological Development Apple spend enormous amount of money on its Research and Development in order to push innovation further; thus stay ahead of competition. According to figures published in Apple’s 2012 annual report, RD expenditure hits 3. 4 billion US dollars which is nearly 40% increase than 2011 (Brodjanac D. , 2012). Apple as well protects its invention and innovation worldwide by filling patent. Procurement Since Apple is a member of the Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition (EICC), it works to guarantee fair treatment for its workers. In addition, Apple developed an ecosystem of suppliers to benefits from its strong relationships by keeping them close (Masi B. , 2009, p. 13). By doing that, it enables Apple to obtain its products and services within limited timeframe (Apple Inc. , 2012). Apple, occasionally, evaluates its relationships and enhances its suppliers’ ecosystem if needed. Moreover, Apple introduced a Supplier Diversity Program which is mainly for supporting any potential suppliers. This facilitates the visibility of these suppliers and develops the future relationships (Apple Inc. , 2012) PRIMARY ACTIVITIES Inbound Logistics Apple has a partnership with OEM in order to reduce development time, production, material and manufacturing costs. However, Apple supervises the entire process to control its quality (Francisco T. , 2011). Operations Apple outsourced to various Chinese manufacturers in order to employ its economy of scale; as a result eliminate the burden of production management. Apple, also, cooperate with other companies including HP and Samsung (Sherman E. , 2012). Furthermore, Apple designs its products in-house to eliminate production cost (Masi B. 2009, p. 14). Outbound Logistics Apple’s products are being delivered directly to its retail stores around the world to minimize inventory cost. To trim down shipping costs, Apple’s designing team developed packagings that are slim and light yet productive (Apple, 2012). Marketing and Sales Television commercial, online ads and print advertisements campaigns have been successful in promoting the App le’s products and services. Apple has a branding strategy that is emotions’ focused, humorous and simplicity. The ads theme is about lifestyle; innovation, imagination and aspiration (Masi B. , 2009, p. 14). In addition, Apple has a secretive strategy concerning new products or services in order to create suspension and publicity. It, also, sells its products to schools and universities; thus creating an exposure for the product or the service (Inside CRM, 2009). Services Having a great customer experience is fundamental priority for any businesses. Apple is a great example of customer focused; it believes that customer loyalty is a great strength to the company. Apple Genius Bar is one of its main services where customers get the best face to face support (Apple, 2012). Moreover, customers are always welcome for free consultation concerning any issues. Apple, in addition, offer one year warranty and customers then have the choice to purchase an extension warranty (Masi B. , 2009, p. 13). ALL http://www. scribd. com/doc/24134877/Strategic-Analysis-of-Apple-Inc-Brian-Masi Procurement http://www. apple. com/procurement/ Technological http://www. decryptedtech. om/news/apple-increasing-their-investments-in-research-and-development. html HR http://www. ere. net/2011/09/12/talent-management-lessons-from-apple-a-case-study-of-the-worlds-most-valuable-firm-part-1-of-3/ Infra. http://www. bizjournals. com/sanjose/news/2011/07/21/apples-cash-pile-up-16-to-762b. html http://techcrunch. com/2012/01/24/apple-97-6-billion-cash/ http://www. inboundlogistics. com/cms/article/how-green-is-apple/ Marketing sales http://www. insidecrm. com/articles/crm-blog/1 1-effective-strategies-apple-uses-to-create-loyal-customers-53510/ Operation

Mid-term Elections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mid-term Elections - Essay Example In contrast, Democrats bagged 256 seats while Republicans scored 179 in 2008. In addition, the Republicans won 29 seats against the opponent’s 17 in Governor House; however, they still lack majority in Senate where Democrats secured 51 seats (CBS Results, 2010). Quite unequivocally, there are several political and economic reasons that triggered the defeat of ruling Democrats, which now have to join the opposition. Nonetheless, the public endorsed Democratic candidates in last elections because they wanted economic betterment and prosperity, political stability and societal welfare. However, the so-called Democrat representatives flunked to meet public expectations because of sharp increase in unemployment (subsequent job losses), debacle of property sector (sub – prime mortgage) scheme), decline in healthcare spending, failure to develop and implement a sustainable financial system etc. Obviously, the public does not compromise as well as permit political candidates th at are unable to serve American society in an efficient and effective manner; hence they showcased their anger and despondency through the power of vote (Rooney, 2010). Schmuhl (2010) has pointed out that monetary spending on the election campaign by winning Democratic candidate Joe Donnelly was estimated to be $2.7 million whereas his Republican opponent Jackie Walorski spent over $0.8 million. As far as the consequences of the election results are concerned, it is worthwhile to mention that Democrats have received the public’s message regarding utter dissatisfaction, thus they are required to revise their existing policies and opt for betterment of USA as a whole. The promises will just not be enough; rather there is dire need for practical measures and implementation of rational strategies that could restore USA’s political, economic and social image among international community. Obama Administration should better focus on accomplishment of sustainable

Trade and Other Barriers of the US and EU Governments Essay

Trade and Other Barriers of the US and EU Governments - Essay Example NAFTA outlined that import tariffs on sugar imports from Mexico would, over a 15 year period, eventually be phased out, thereby allowing duty free imports to enter the country (USDA 2005). Since NAFTA’s inception in 1994, Mexico now enjoys a more liberal volume of sugar to enter the United States under this agreement whereby tariffs have been excised. As such, under this agreement, the United States is obligated to remove quotas on sugar imports into the country, giving Mexico a considerable export advantage. NAFTA is a trade agreement between Canada and Mexico that is unlike other trade agreements between other countries that import and export raw sugar and processed sugar-containing products. Obligations under NAFTA allow member nations to deliver fluctuating volumes of raw and processed sugar products when Canada and Mexico have achieved a surplus. This is regardless of the volume of sugar produced domestically in the United States. Brazil, being one of the largest sugar pr oducers in the world, is impacted by NAFTA in terms of the quotas established on sugar imports to the United States. The United States must abide by agreements that have been established with trading partners, whilst also attempting to protect its own domestic sugar-producing industry. The U.S. also signed an agreement in conjunction with the World Trade Organization referred to as the Uruguay Round Agreement that guarantees the country will accept a minimum of 152,691 metric tonnes of raw cane sugar from Brazil annually (Federal Register 2011). Hence, the United States has over-extended its obligations for delivery of in-quota raw sugar imports from Mexico and the United States. Brazil, unlike Mexico, is subject to very high tariff rates on sugar products in an effort to deter Brazilian exports from entering the country, which are imposed above the in-quota volume from Brazil at 152,691 metric tonnes. The out-of-quota tariff rate (on quantities over the specified in-quota volume) i s 78 percent (Hornbeck 2006), whilst in-quote amounts guaranteed under the Uruguay Round Agreement are subject to very low import duties. If Brazil and other trading countries are willing to pay the exuberant 78 percent tariff on sugar, there are no restrictions for exporters in terms of the volume allowed into the United States. However, Brazil is also a nation that consumes a great deal of its total production output of sugar, thus when Brazil achieves surplus, it is far more advantageous to export the surplus into neighbouring nations or other international buyers that do not have the internal sugar production capacity as in Brazil or the agricultural prowess in raising sugar beets and sugar cane. This 78 percent tariff is the United States’ methodology of ensuring that domestic production of sugar and sugar-related products is not negatively impacted by export volumes entering the nation. Outside of the in-quota volume guaranteed for allowance into the United States, Braz il is subject to varying tariffs depending on the type of sugar or sugar-containing product produced in the country.

Is Disability a Medical or Social Concern Essay

Is Disability a Medical or Social Concern - Essay Example Mental health problems have been around us as long as there has been a acceptance of mental health discrepancies. In the modern world, many of the stigmas and social problems connected with mental health concerns have been overcome by the people but still a lot remains to be done before we can arrive at a position where there is no social stigma associated with mental disabilities (Fernando, 1995). In fact, whilst it would be logical to assume that stigmatisation and the social issues are limited to the general population, in reality the stigmatisation can also be observed amongst doctors, nurses and social workers who are not supposed to be have such issues.Such as case was noted by Happell where one of the mentally disabled individuals she was working with received a negative remark from an official. She says that, â€Å"The remark, which was made in an official capacity, questioned, perhaps even refuted, one of the most basic human rights for people diagnosed with a mental illnes s (Happell, 2005, Pg. 1)†. The remark came from someone in an official capacity which goes to show that negative stereotypes and stigmatization of those with mental disabilities continues despite laws made to protect them.The reasons why disabilities issues are a social concern are quit complex since there a number of influences which make them so. It is certainly a matter of concern that despite of the progress we have made, there are still problems that remain when it comes to dealing with cases where individuals have disability problems.

Business Strategies by Alex and Doreen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Strategies by Alex and Doreen - Essay Example With the company’s total sales of $597,123 compared with the average of best of three of the companies at $653,764 from the CRR, the company could be deduced to be nearly closed, although below, to the average. Since the company ranked third out of eight companies and yet below the average, it would mean the top and second ranking companies may have higher sales revenues than the company. Â  As to what the best companies are doing in terms of strategies, the facts case study is not also clear. There is also no information on industry or company growth from one period compared to others periods for the purpose of deriving information on whether the industry is characterized by growth or not. Â  In term of profitability, the company is observed to be performing less than the industry average using the best of the three from the other companies. With $39,227 as net income compared with $110,254 average of the best of three, the company is less superior. Thus the company can be considered performing less than the average, which indicates the weakness of its strategy. Since the company ranked fifth out of eight firms in terms of net income in relation to sales, it would mean that Sparke Electrical was performing less than half of all the total of the number of companies on the average. Â  Any strength of Sparke Electrical is not evident based on its revenue and profitability performance compared with an average of eight companies in the industry.

What I learn from Analects Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What I learn from Analects - Personal Statement Example The three major themes of the book are social philosophy, political philosophy, and education (The China Reviews 165). In this paper, the author explains what they have learned from the book as far as these themes are concerned. In the process, they relate their lessons to their personal experiences. The paper is based on Lau D. C’s 1979 translation of the book. From the book, I learn certain qualities a good leader should possess. For instance, a good leader should be disciplined, lead by example and correct their subjects with compassion (Lau 18:19) rather than by punishing them (Lau 15:5). Confucius, in arguing against punishment as a means of leading people, claimed that over time, the subjects will become contemptuous of punishments and the tool will become ineffective. If, on the other hand, they are led by a sense of virtue, a person’s conscience will convict them of their wrongdoing and they will refrain from it in the future. Whereas this is not the first time I am reading on the qualities of a good leader, Confucius’ prescription stands out: it is simple and practical. This is in spite the fact that the philosopher failed to popularize his ideas in the China of his day partly because the political leadership depended heavily on punitive laws. Indeed, from the various leadership positions I have served in, I can confirm many of Confucius’ qualities of a good leader. For instance, I have come to appreciate the importance of leading by example. This quality, for instance, demands that if as a leader I assign tasks; at the next meeting, I must be the first person to have completed my task. In addition, when I convene meetings, I must arrive punctually. On correcting people, I have learned that it is much easier for me to win the cooperation of a non-cooperative member extending small gestures of kindness. For instance, I may assign the member a simple task and promise to buy them lunch if they accomplish the task well. This

Chinese Popular Culture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Chinese Popular Culture - Term Paper Example Chinese great political icons like Mao have changed the social, political and cultural outlook of the country. Today China has surpassed major nations in economic development, education and technological advancement. Once a poor nation, China now has a population indulge in modern cars, technological gadgets, meat – based diet and luxury clothing. Moreover, the Chinese media has evolved in to dynamism that has transformed the day to day life of people of the nation. â€Å"The embrace of a market economy, with all its attendant risks, has forced the development of new governmental and social policies to stabilize China’s social structure through the conceptual category of the ‘middle class†. Today, China has become a world competitor and the super powers of world are looking up to China to understand their excellence in hard work, political strategy and social reform. Chinese Popular Culture The Chinese popular culture had been anchored due to the open door policy implement by the country in the 21st century. As per (Latham 20)â€Å" Since the open door policy and economic reform in mainland China in the 1980s tension between the two Chinese territories have gradually esed†.Westernization is the key aspect behind Chinese popular culture as new generation is imitating West in their daily life. China has a lasting cultural heritage and the emerging China is more on a conflict on adopting whether to adopt western or Chinese culture. According to (Wu 2)â€Å" With their different positions and experiences in the world, China and the west cannot establish the same culture tradition†. The Chinese popular culture has transformed its population into diverse and intensely sophisticated class. Chinese people are influenced more by popular culture rather than politics of their country. They have shifted their interest to fashion, luxury, comfort and globalization. For example, one of the examples of Chinese popular culture is hero w orship where in sports icon and other celebrities are admired overly. They worship domestic celebrities, whether it is sports, movie, music or art related. As per (Ren) â€Å"In the business realm, Chinese heroes have also arisen to carry the torch of China’s aspirations. People like Li Yan Hong and Robin Li, founders of Baidu.com, or famed entrepreneur Jack Ma, founder of Alibaba group, which owns the most popular e-commerce sites, or Pan Shiyi and wife Zhang Xin, the Donald Trumps of China†. Another example of it is the upsurge of fast food outlets in big cities of China. People have started to adapt to international fast food chains like KFC , Mc Donalds and Pizza hut in their attempt to align with western culture. Chinese Media and Popular Culture In Chinese media legacy, the Chinese writing, paper money, printing process and lithography has a prominent role to play. Preceding mass media, hand writing and printing were the main source of communication in China and as technology progressed, electrical, technical and mechanical devices replaced it. As far as Chinese history is considered, two forms of media that has shaped Chinese people’s lives are radio and computer. Radio has been the media which has influenced Socialist China greatly. In socialist China, wired radio, loud speakers and radio

Fukushima nuclear power plant disaster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fukushima nuclear power plant disaster - Essay Example The disastrous meltdown of the Fukushima nuclear power plant after the massive earthquake and tsunami in March 2011 frightened numerous people, not only in Japan, but also around the world. The roughly four-decade-old reactors needed electric pumps for reserve energy to expel water to activate the fuel rods in an emergency. Unfortunately, these mechanisms failed during the massive earthquake and tsunami (Cahill 48). The technologically advanced nuclear plants hoard water in the reactor containment basin, in an emergency that water would pour without outside power onto the worked up mechanism to cool it up for several days. They can also spontaneously expel water with heated air. Fukushima nuclear power plant was plagued with operator, mechanical, and construction errors. Several months prior to the earthquake, personnel on one of the six reactors erroneously performed procedures for the wrong reactor. A line regulating the cooling mechanism was taken out mistakenly, an error that was only found out weeks after (Noggerath, Geller, & Gusiakov 39). The tsunami aggravated the situation when electric power stopped working at four reactors. Heat accumulated in the reactors and in basins designed to prevent the overheating of worked up fuel rods. A few weeks after, power had not been brought back to the cooling mechanisms and to the hubs of the two reactors. The plant operators at last revealed in May that there had been a reactor breakdown (Noggerath et al. 39). The Fukushima Dai-ichi was made up of six units, with each of them having its own nuclear reactor. These units were built from 1967 to 1979 and were administered by the Tokyo Power and Electric Company (TEPCO). During the earthquake the three units were running and the remaining three were not functioning and under regular maintenance (Samuels 13). After the earthquake struck the three running units were stopped, in accordance to mandated protocols. Emergency generators were turned on to get rid of the spent heat from the reactors. But the 14-meter tsunami worsened the situation because the power plants were built to resist or hold out only a 6.5-meter tsunami (Perrow 2011, 46). The tsunami brought about extensive flooding in the whole expanse of Fukushima and also impaired the generators that run the emergency cooling mechanisms of the nuclear power plants. The available emergency cooling system was run by batteries, which expired after several hours. Lacking sufficient cooling, the water trapped inside the reactors created more heat, which consequently caused the reactors to overheat. This prompted the opening of the relief valves which then released the radioactive steam. A basic rule of nuclear power plant construction is ‘defense in depth’ (Cooper 10). This rule pushes engineers to build a plant that can survive extreme calamities, even as some mechanisms stopped working. A massive tsunami that incapacitates the diesel generators simultaneously is an example, but the 2 011 tsunami was too severe, even unimaginable. To endure such a catastrophe, engineers constructed a backup resistance by placing the entire system into a containment unit that is constructed to protect the system. As soon as the diesel generators stopped working after the tsunami, the operators shifted to emergency battery power. But the batteries only lasted for roughly eight hours (Cooper 10-11). The plant operat

First Cars Ltd Essay Example for Free

First Cars Ltd Essay Critical path analysis is a method that is used to plan out the many activities involved in a project to be able to find the most efficient way of complete it and how to complete it on time. From a research and development point of view, the decision to go ahead with this project relies solely on the critical path analysis provided by Amy Jones. In light of this, the operations director is rightly concerned about how valuable the data provided by the critical path analysis is. The arguments for and against seem to be balanced. Therefore, I present the most significant argument of how valuable a critical path analysis – which is how Amy’s data allows the business to be have a clear outline of when and where money is spent in the project. This means that the critical path analysis will help First Cars plc with their cash flow which would allow them subsequently to be able to plan out careful spending to ensure they are able to fund the project. This would allow them to under go an investment appraisal before starting the project as they also have specific dates in which each part of the development would be ready. This is vital because of First Cars plc’s limited financial reserves it would mean they would be able workout the payback period and the average rate of return which could mean they are able to work out expected profits for the coming year from the which would mean shareholders would feel happier with the business as they are able to see a clear direction in which the business is improving, but most importantly it will show if the project is viable as they will be able to know how quickly it will allow the business to generate cash quickly to ensure they do not face a poor cash flow situation which could see the business dipping into liquidation. Another potential benefit of using critical path analysis is that it allows such an important project to be planned thoroughly in order to make sure everything is completed properly and on time. This is important because the business has a very clear deadline to make (August 2010) any issues which could mean they are not reached on time would result in the business failing to reach this deadline. Amy makes it clear that it is important to enter this market early to ensure a strong competitive market position because this is so vital it allows the critical path analysis to be used constructively to ensure everyone keeps to the same deadlines, this is because the tasks on the critical path analysis are completed by various other departments meaning the business has a Matrix structure so therefore it is important to highlight how important it is to reach deadlines and a clear outline on what deadlines should be met and how long the project teams have to reach them because there could be confusion due to the overlapping authority which is held in a Matrix structure. On the other hand, there is evidence that makes the credibility of the critical path analysis doubted. The most important argument supporting this would be the accuracy of the information provided in the diagram. In the case study it says ‘information provided by Amy Jones’ because of this it is hard to determine if the numbers are correct. Whilst it is important to remember that this is a completely new venture and there are hardly any competitors there is relatively no previous data to be obtained from competitors, because of this Amy has no where to be able to validate her own data with which could be worrying to the Operations Director because these numbers could have been come up with in thin air with no chance in reality to be reached on time. This concern could stem from the fact that all the data comes from Amy, who is pushing this project extremely hard to get through in to production. As the business is relying on this proposal to put the business ‘back o n to the road of success’ having only a critical path analysis could be of none value at all to First Cars plc. Another argument doubting the value of critical path analysis in this proposal is that most of the activities to take place are not in Amy’s marketing division which could mean she could underestimate the time needed to complete other tasks resulting in the time needed to complete the project being set back by many weeks. Which could mean they do not reach their important deadline of August 2010 which could possibly mean that they have thrown the whole project down the drain; this is because it is extremely important for the business that they reach the deadline if they want to become a strong competitor in the given market. Not only could the project be in jeopardy but the whole of the business if any of the deadlines aren’t met because it would put them in a poor state regarding their cash flow. All in all, even though the argument seems to be relevantly balanced I believe there is a lot to loss on this project, a considerably amount more than what is at stake to be gained. The project is so unsafe for a business which is already struggling to survive. I think that First Car plc needs to hold fire and invest in a project which will guarantee to bring in profits and cash quickly rather than one that is extremely risky with no previous data to compare it on and one that entails extremely high costs – cars could be sitting around for days or even weeks in expensive city centres with staff having nothing to do, I suspect it could be a seasonal business in regards to when someone might want a car and what for. Due to the reasons above I believe that in this case the value of the critical path analysis is extremely poor and that other factors need to be taken in to consideration, I would have liked to have seen more supporting evidence of the payback figures.

Literature Review on Big Data Concept

Literature Review on Big Data Concept Quiz-3: Summarize the article in one paragraph. In this paragraph author try to explain about the big data concept and data mining like the characteristics of the big data, demonstrate and examples of big data. This article giving the information about a HACE theorem and it characteristic features, process model of the big data, and also data mining perspective of the big data. How the large volume of data, complexity difficulties of the massive volumes of data storage and analyze, challenging issues in the data driven models. And also introduction about the Dr. Yan MO and his Nobel Prize in Literature demonstrate the big data big data applications with few examples, finally key challenges in the big data mining. What 5 lessons did you learn from reading this article? About the big data and data mining: Big data is nothing but large volume or massive volumes of data stored in a specific data bases by using some techniques and tools. This data mining is with is a quick improvement process of various networking systems, and data storage, large data collecting capability. Big data is fast and rapidly growing massive data storage technology in all various health care domains as well as in engineering domains. Introduction about Dr. Yan MO: Dr. Yan MO is a good Literature; he won Nobel Prize in 2012 in Literature. Searching on Google with Yan MO Nobel Prize you can get lot of information about it. HACE theorem: HACE theorem about giant elephant and blind men theorem is a good concept for understanding the data mining and the big data process. Characteristic of big data: The main characteristic of big data is collection of large volume of data from various and multi languages with composed of parts of different kinds of information it includes information is audio, video and textual types of data. Huge volume of data with secure  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   For major Big Data related applications, for example, Google, Flicker, Face book, and Wal-Mart, a massive number of server ranches are conveyed everywhere throughout the world to   continuous services and immediate   responses for local markets. Key challenges of big data mining: challenges like to perform and maintaining big data by gathering information in a digital form, various organizations take their improvement to another level and create three tier big data mining platform for maintaining the massive data. Three tiers structured like Tier-1: low level data accessing and system computing, Tier-2: Concentrates on the high level semantics information and applications. Tier-3: Data mining algorithms. What are the concerns of Big Data? The main concern of big data is large volume of massive data, subsequently the quantity of large archives of Big Data has been expanded with near increment of related security concerns, privacy concerns, and somebody can target the data and try to hack the data. Notwithstanding the high estimation of Big Data target, securing Big Data has its own exceptional difficulties which are not on a very basic level deferent from those connected with traditional information. A few people think that concealing their identity alone without hiding their location would not appropriately address privacy concerns. Governance: Big data is rich with individual personal data and confidential organizations information, and data governance is required to ensure that data is secured. Why was this article written? This article main aim is to explain the concept of big data with data mining with few examples, big data characteristics, HACE theorem, how handle and maintain huge heterogeneous data uses in health care domains as well as in engineering domains with different organizations. A big data processing system framework it includes mining complex and dynamic data, local learning and model fusion, mining from spares, uncertain and incomplete data. Explain about research initiative and some projects to investigate for the big data management.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   These projects try to create strategies, calculations, frameworks, and research foundations which permit us to bring the large volume of data down to a human reasonable and interpretable scale Give Big Data characteristics using the HACE Theorem? In this HACE theorem author try explains the concept of big data mining and data collecting gather the data from various sources and finally stored in a one large volume data base. This theorem mainly explains about the two types of data structured and unstructured data. Actually big data starts with the massive volume Heterogeneous, Autonomous source with distributed and seeks to maintain or explore Complex and Evolving relationship among the data. Sources of big data are log data, social media, transactions, events, images, audios, videos and emails. (Deepak S. Tamhane, January 2015) What are the most fundamental challenges of Big Data mining? The main fundamental challenges of big data are to investigate large volume of massive data and extract useful information for future activities. In Big data have different layers in every layer will give the technology required to reduce different challenges every one of these layers give the complete solution. Data Secure and Privacy: This has various implementations and it concerns people and organizations too. People have the privilege, as indicated by Universal Telecommunications Union, to control the data that might be revealed with respect to them. Sharing the large volume of data is most important characteristic feature in the development process. And few challenges those are data acquisition, and recording, voluble information extraction and cleaning, data aggregation and integration, integrating data base system and analytics tools, and interpretation like wrong modeling, application bugs. Volume: Large volume of information being put away is significantly expanding each and every moment, massive of information put away everywhere throughout the websites. How is the Blind Men and Giant Elephant explain Big Data Mining? These characteristic make it an extraordinary challenge for discovering voluble information from the Big Data. In a local sense, we can estimate that various visually blind men are attempting to survey a giant elephant, which will be the Big Data in this specific circumstance. So every blind man can measure and estimates the particular region a part of information they collected during this process, because each person limited to his local region. In this concept every person feels like a hose, wall, tree and rope so exploring the big data in this situation is equal to aggregating heterogeneous data from various sources to draw the exact picture of elephant so collecting the data from various sources and various types of data, various languages of data. (Chun-Wei Tsai, 1 October, 2015) Chun-Wei Tsai, C.-F. L.-C. (1 October, 2015). SpringerOpen . Journal of Big Data . Deepak S. Tamhane, S. N. ( January 2015). BIG DATA ANALYSIS USING HACE THEOREM. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering Technology (IJARCET) .

Insecurity of Food in India Impacts

Insecurity of Food in India Impacts The food insecurity determined many components in the system of food, as well as individuals and factors regarding to social economic. When discussing about the individual food insecurity they are based on knowledge on nutritional benefit, source of preparing food, skills required to prepare food, period of time to have it and in fact of all availability of healthy food source. Famishment and hunger is caused due to lack of food and enough food is require to be well nourished. During recent years there are many experienced significant modifications has been made to food policies in many developing countries in order to sustain food availability and constancy. According to Food and Agriculture organization of the United States nations report states that one in every nine people in the world have still faced food insufficient for a healthy lifestyle or health living ().The main meaning of food security is availability of food at all times, access of to it and nutritional benefit that in variety of product, quality of product and cultural satisfactory (4). During 2012-2014 there are about 805 million people were estimated to be chronically undernourished and will be down by more than 100 million people over the last decades and since 1990-1990 by 209 million peoples. () The social determinants of food insecurity among the developing world is caused due to the climate change, population growth, war between countries, diseases caused to livestock, pests and loss of agricultural fields due to urbanization. In this paper I would like to discuss about social determinants of food insecurity in India and social determinants of health due to insecurity in food. The present situation of Insecurity of Food in India shows a gloomy picture when it compare with other developing countries among the world .Due to the Current data of Food Insecurity India has the largest number of people in the world who are unable to get a healthy food lifestyle and Food insecurity is caused due to orthodox concept of belief like food inaccessibility and inadequate buying capability , sociological and demographic characteristics such as unemployment, Illiteracy rate ,urbanization ,unsustainable environmental conditions such as negative influence of political power in the coordination among the departments or sectors who handles the food insecurity and poor handling of food distribution department among the states or rural areas . As a solution to the above situation, it have to begin from multi department of health and food supply chains and must give importance in agriculture by giving adequate knowledge and farming equipment’s ,development in rural area w ere the food insecurity is more , promoting women empowerment in all sectors give them free education and work rights ,job opportunity in the government sectors ,giving good environmental condition such as water quality and supply ,providing proper sanitation and proper domestic waste management so to increase the quality of nature for sustainable production of agriculture products (1). The childhood malnutrition is another issues related food insecurity. According to the UN report, there are 2.1 million Indian children die before reaching the age of 5 per year that is 4 children every year. Among the death about half of it is caused due to infectious diseases such as respiratory illness, malaria, diarrhea that are treated with low of cost approach(2).Malnutrition and anemia are the two medical conditions which caused during the childhood development and food insecurity is the main reason for both causes. According to the mother and child nutrition organization about 38.4 % of children under 3 are too short for their age and 46% child are underweight that is too thin for their age and abnormally low weight child height affects 19% of children under 3 years of age. If we take the anemic among the child is about 79.2% is more .This caused due to the lake of unemployment and lack of uneducated mother or parenting among the rural place of India .This can be improved by giving sufficient training to the parents during the child hood development. As the high rate of anemia among the child of rural India is caused due to the poor diet, unhygienic conditions and due to the limit to supply like iron tablets during pregnancy stage. This have to the supplied to the people of local community of women’s by health service centers .In India Health service centers are lack of doctors this due to the people hesitate to work in remote area due to insufficient resources like proper center, proper sanitation for living and proper house for the workers of health service or health centers. One of the common disease among the rural children is diarrhoea and often caused due to the insufficient clean water supply and improper hand sanitation like Hand wash when baby feeding etc. The ground water quality is low due to the industrial irrigation plant and industrial waste dumping to the nearby river. This water cannot be supplied to rural Indian .Due to the extreme weather conditions in India most of river which are dry during summer season and rural people have to carry water from long distance. According to the World Health Organization that about 50 percent of children with malnutrition is related to diarrhoea and caused due to poor quality of water sanitations(3). The rural poverty and food insecurity effect the people to migrate from the rural place to city for the better life and in search of better healthy condition .But this leads to massive increase of slums among the cities of India .The people who were living in the slum have even bad way of health life style .This is due to the over population and unavailability of supply among the slum .The main health needs such as sanitation is not provided and drinking water is also not provided in the slums. The politician are not active in the case of slum, they will never be able to produce or introduce and policy to improve the health condition of people who were living in below poverty line in India. According to 2012 WHO Food Insecurity report states that India is home to more than 217 million undernourished people(5),So that is who were living in slum especially in major cities like New Delhi and Mumbai . Social determinants of Food insecurity also depending on household it means that food insecurity is upon the status of each member of that particular household and availability of food ,sharing between them ,sufficient food Varity ,food quality and hygienic standards of food ,a part of all the health status of family member is to be good to deliver a good health status .This criteria will help to protect the food insecurity among the family thus can achieve a healthy community among the rural place.According to the report of Food and Agricultural organization states that well-nourished people are successful outcome of social-economic development and it carry important role in process of community developments(6). Recent study which conduct in the united also states that household food insecurity analysis is used to method of adaptation of approach to prevent food insecurity among the community people(7). Agricultural growth also carry an important role in Food security that is increase in economic status of a country by more employments ,availability of food ,exporting of agricultural product thus can achieve economic growth and can improve the living status of community or improve in food insecurity. One of the main issues regarding the agriculture growth is due to the climatic change during the past days .The farmers are not able to achieve their goal for example to be include is banning of Indian Mango to European Union and other country, due to findings of fruit flies in most of the mango boxes .This effect most of rural people who were involved in a big loss in economic growth .This issue is due to the improper checking or supply of pesticide through the department of agriculture in to the hands of farmers(8). The Food insecurity in India is caused due to the lack of accessibility of resources to the rural people ,high product price mostly in buying medicine and nutritious products(vegetables, milk, egg ,etc.), high transportation cost and lack of road to reach all the place of rural India, inadequate supply of water to the required place, urbanization in major city without sufficient waste management and quality water supply ,Industrial facility and pollution to the atmosphere and water ,due to the result of pollution sudden climatic change which mostly effect the agricultural production, lack of Health centers in rural area ,Limited accessibility of quality of water in rural area, Health education during the pregnancy stage, lack of supply of medication which are free from government health service . As a solution of Insecurity of food the government have to create a community based approach to the requirement and supply of needs .They should concentrate on promoting the rural women about the basic education In case of breastfeeding and hygienic care required during the breastfeeding time and supplying required amount of vitamin ,iron tablets during their period of pregnancy .The government should have to promote the health worker and supply with their requirement .Adequate water supply to the rural place. The politician have to include rural health policy to maintain an adequate health to the rural community. One of the additional fundamental importance in economic growth is to increase in agricultural products thus meeting the global demand for food .According to the World Health Organization (10) repot the agricultural production can be expected to increase 60 percentage by the end of 2050.The social detriments of health due to the food insecurity have to be ended by improving or motivating the people toward agriculture and many other can find opportunity outside the circle of agriculture to small businesses into profitable. The government have to take an action to include policy which supports the local community and nature by this transformation can help the people below poverty to overcome (9). Implementing yearly surveys to rural people regarding the issues like supply and demand ,it also effect to improve the health condition of local community .Use of new technology like video conferencing with the rural community to educate regarding the basic things ,mobile health centers on a monthly basis to check the health condition of the people, irrigation projects and rain water storage project to improve the water quality thus it help to improve the ground water for drinking purpose, adequate supply of water filters and storage tanks .During recent news report the people of rural community especially children are suffering from lack of access to safe wate r and sanitation .This have to be ended by improving the quality of life style ,give them education ,give them necessary requirements and thus can improve or build a healthy community around India and from our achievement the other people around the world will follow our steps of success.

Theme of Self Confidence in Literature Essay -- Literature Theme Analy

Theme of Self Confidence in Literature Spirit of self shows self confidence. In the stories of "The Life of a Slave" by: Frederick Douglass and "The Invisible Man" (The Narrator, The Battle Royale) by: Ralph Ellison with shorts stories of Black Elk Speaks (High Horse, Crazy Horse and Pipe Boyhood) Translated by: Jim Neidhardt all have characteristics of self confidence. Self Confidence comes from the spirit of self which is the belief of what you have, the essence that keeps you going and the ability to persevere when others do not. These stories contain a narrator and a story of their past experiences. In Black Elk Speaks, several of his short stories (Crazy Horse, Early Boyhood and The Offering of the Pipe) tells us about Black Elks experience as a Native American and how his Native tribe has gone through a lot to fight against their enemy, the wasichus. They've been fighting for their right, their freedom except in the offering of the pipe, he tells the story of how a beautiful lady gave a pipe to the chief and it co ntains nothing but good coming out of it. Another short story called "High Horse Courting" is about how High Horse is deeply in love with a beautiful Native American and to get the girl in any possible way. "The Life of a Slave" is about the life of Frederick Douglass and how Mr. Covey treats him as a slave when he is young. Lastly, the Narrator from the "Battle Royale" is about the Narrator wanting to achieve his dream to orate his speech to the people and get a scholarship to a college where he achieves his dream for his future, but first he is told to fight in a ring with a bunch of strong, tall people being blindfold and win in order to get his wish. All of these stories contain characteristics which h... ...he definition of Spirit of Self. These stories show perseverance, a belief of purpose. They show Self Confidence, belief of yourself and your own abilities and Lastly, they show essence, to characterize or identify something. These characteristics all achieves their dream and never wanting to stop. There are people in the world try to stop on what you want to do in life but their soul, mind and imagination; they drive to be where they want to be. Its not all about having everything in the world nor having money and success that a certain person don't deserve. Its about you gaining your goal, achieving your dream and drive to get where you want to be. That's how Spirit of Self concludes. It'll always remain its placed definition: the belief of self confidence you have in you, your essence that keeps you going in the world and the ability to persevere when others don't.

Use of Symbols in Yeatss Work, A Vision Essay -- Yeats Vision Essays

Use of Symbols in Yeats's Work, A Vision In his 1901 essay "Magic", Yeats writes, "I cannot now think symbols less than the greatest of all powers whether they are used consciously by the masters of magic, or half unconsciously by their successors, the poet, the musician and the artist" (p. 28). Later, in his introduction to A Vision, he explains, "I put the Tower and the Winding Stair together into evidence to show that my poetry has gained in self possession and power. I owe this change to an incredible experience" (Vision p.8). The experience he goes on to relate is the preliminary stage of the composition of the work itself. In A Vision, however, Yeats exhibits his poetic power as well, along with his knowledge of mysticism and affinity for symbology to illustrate the behavior of the forces of human consciousness and history. He ties these two cycles together into the overarching symbol of the work: the Great Wheel. This is a symbol that Yeats uses not only to explain the cycles of one individual's life, but al so through the same motions, to explain the cyclical movement of the centuries, and the conjunction of certain historical events. When asked about the factual reality of his cosmological descriptions, he replies that they are "purely symbolical ... [and] have helped me to hold in a single thought reality and justice" (Vision p.25). Though to a large extent obscure and complicated, these symbols are paramount to an understanding not only of the ideas contained in A Vision, also the thought process Yeats conveys in much of his poetry. The Great Wheel consists of and contains two opposing gyres, the primary and the antithetical, objectivity and subjectivity, which turn in opposite directions, the two... ...mary vein, men worshipping idols of far away deities, or return to its antithetical predecessor, in which man's idols seen as are actual living beings captured in myth. Eventually, he resigns himself to not knowing for certain what the future of mankind will be. He concludes "The particulars are the work of the thirteenth sphere, which is in every man and called by every man his freedom. Doubtless, for it can do all things and know all things, it knows what it will do with its own freedom, but it has kept the secret" (Vision p. 302). Works Cited: Adams, Hazard. The Book of Yeats's Vision. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995. Yeats, W.B. A Vision. New York: Macmillan, 1956. Yeats, W.B. The Poems. ed. Richard J. Finneran. New York: Macmillan, 1990. Yeats, W.B. "Magic". Essays and Introductions. New York: Macmillan, 1961. pp. 28-52.

Birkenstocks Essay examples -- Shoes Fashion History Essays

Birkenstocks When Birkenstocks come up in casual conversation one is sure to hear remarks about hippies, granola, the environment, and what ugly shoes many still think they are. However the history of Birkenstocks in the US has come a long way in the past 30 years. From its start as the home business of Margot Fraser these shoes have moved from being sold in health food stores, to the prominent spaces in occupies today in establishments like Nordstrom and L.L. Bean. Birkenstock achieved acceptance, popularity, and great financial profit in the mainstream US market, but how far has it strayed from its roots of a small family business, based on creating an orthopedic shoe, crafted by skilled laborers? If we followed a pair of Birkenstocks back to the place of their origin would the proud parents still be German? Or would the different components that make up one of today's most popular sandals come from varied sources? In chasing Birkenstocks back to their source I have found some of these answers, but still have many questions. I have traced the product back to its original source as far as possible; most of the information beyond their manufacture in Germany seems to be restricted trade knowledge and unavailable to the public. This has prompted me to look more at the history of Birkenstock as a small family business, and its current US marketing strategies. A short recap of history is the best way to start the Birkenstock chase, beginning with J ohann Adam Birkenstock in 1774. The First BIRKENSTOCK: A family affair Johann Birkenstock, resident of a small German village, was registered in the church archives as a "subject and shoemaker" in 1774. By 1897 his grandson Konrad Birkenstock designed the first shoe for use b... ...ry/bstory.html Eskenazi, Joe. "Birkenstock Stands on Solid Footing." The Daily Californian 9 October 1996: np,archives. Online. Internet. ProQuest Direct. 23 Nov. 1997. Available: http://www.dailycal.org/archive/09.09.96/birkenstock.txt Sacks, Diane Dorrans. "Joining the establishment: Birkenstock is reinventing itself with a sophisticated new flagship." Footwear News 53.39 (1997): 12. Online. Internet. Infotrac. 24 Nov. 1997. Available: htpp://sweb3.med.iacnet.com/infotÃâ€"sion/197/217/9639942/4!xrn_l&bkm_4 Skelly, Jessica. "Getting the Boot at Birkenstock." Fortune 131. 9 (1995): 28. Online. Internet. Infotrac.24 Nov. 1997. Available:http://sbweb3.med.iacnet. com/infotÃâ€"on/197/217/9639942/10!xrn_1&bkm_10 Sunoo, Brenda Paik. "Birkenstock Braces To Fight the Competition." Personnel Journal 73.8 (1994) : 68-70. Online. Internet. ProQuest Direct. 23 Nov. 1997

Dave the Black Boy-Man: Anger

Introduction In his article, Zinnias (1993) says, without creativity, advertising could not exist, and due to its nature, creativity is hard to be measured. In his opinion, any advertising campaigns succeeded Just because they â€Å"break commonly accepted rules of what a commercial message should be or say'. As everyone knows, with creativity, practitioners could produce totally different and uncommon advertisements, while what about the rest of them?This paper is being written for discussing and impairing three different video advertisements of beer. Moreover, doing a further discussion about creativity in advertising, to find out whether advertising could still exist without creativity, and both the positive and negative sides. 2. Creativity in Advertising What is creativity? According to Darwinian and Jeweler (201 1), creativity advertisements are ads which make relevant connections between products and target audience and present commercial ideas, â€Å"in an unexpected way'.C reativity in Advertising is differing from that in other domains, due to the existence of products ND target audience. No matter what advertisement it is, it should serve the product or service, to increase its popularity or selling. That is how creativity in advertising cannot be like art creativity which could be whatever the artists like. The first paid newspaper advertisement is an announcement for selling estate in 1704 (Bishop 2013). After reading the text of that ad, we can tell that at the beginning of advertising, there was no creativity.Publishers Just expressed their selling messages directly. While in modern society, why creativity seems so important for advertising? Due to the development of global economy and technology, people have seen enough advertisements, especially ads of different brands in one same category. The use of creativity is to catch people's attention, make them know the brand better than any others. Back to the topic, is it real that in modern world, advertising could not exist without creativity, or should it be advertising sometimes could be more effective with creativity? . Examples 4. 1 Carlton Draught – The big ad The big ad for Carlton Draught is an advertisement full of creativity. It matches the heartsickness of creativity which is â€Å"in an unexpected way' (Darwinian and Jeweler 2011). This ad used the scenery Just like in the movie Lord of the Rings, the effective use of magnificent view and music catches audience's attention right from the beginning. The funny lyric does not tell audience what ad it is until â€Å"for Carlton would cause people's negative feelings. However in this ad, audience is already curious about the product.Furthermore, it describes men's desire for Carlton Draught when the â€Å"body' and â€Å"beer† run towards each other. This ad with creativity is tie memorable thus audience would hardly forget this ad and product. What is more important, is consumes' positive emotion on t his ad would turn into the emotion on the product. That is how advertisements with creativity could be effective. 4. 2 Heinlein – not expensive This is an old ad of Heinlein. Compare to the former one, this ad does not have creativity in it. This ad is more like an ordinary beer ad which expresses the commercial message in an ordinary way.This Heinlein ad describes the process of a man drinking Heinlein. It shows the characteristics of beer well. The purpose of this advertisement is to make audience eel desire for beer by effectively use scenes like beer flowing and water on the bottle. However, it is not that memorable as the Carlton Draught ads because it shows what any beer is. Consumers would not be able to remember this ad and its product over time. Moreover, the biggest problem of this ad is that it does not match its slogan which is â€Å"not that much more expensive†.This ad does not make full use of creativity as â€Å"the big ad† does, to make audience easily remember and like this brand. 4. 3 Toasting Beer – Space ship Comparing to the former two ads, this beer ad from China does try to use creativity. However, this ad could be any other brand or even any other product because it delivers the selling message in a common and expected way and the â€Å"creativity' (a space ship) in it is really not relevant. It uses extremely normal commercial message when it tries to make audience feel they want to drink beer.And it tries to use a space ship flying over to impress the audience. It is an ad without creativity since the whole advertisement expresses the message in a very ordinary way. However, this kind of ads without creativity help this brand remains one of the top sellers for recent years (USDA 2010). The reason of this phenomenon is that, this brand is a very old brand in China and it already has great brand awareness. The use of this ad is to enhance consumers recall of the brand (Till and Aback 2005), and it works. 4. Advertisements with creativity 5. Advantages The creativity in advertising brings several advantages. First of all, advertisements with creativity could make audience remember the products much more easily. About the products. For example the Carlton Draught ad, audience would feel like watching a movie (Kenya 2007). This helps to make them remember this ad, thus remember the product much more easily. Secondly, ads with creativity will hardly cause audience's negative feelings. Since there are already numerous advertisements in modern society, most people do not like ads keep showing around them.The consequence of consumers' negative feelings on the ads is that they will have negative emotions on the product or service and normally people will not choose the brand they do not like. The advertisements with creativity could ratify this issue by making consumers like the ad thus like the brand. 5. 5 Disadvantages Although creativity in advertising is effective, it still has some drawb acks. Sometimes, practitioners over emphasize the creativity part and forget that the ads should be relevant between brands and target audience. It will make people confused and difficult to understand the ads.If audience cannot understand what the ad is trying to tell, they would not get the selling messages properly, and it would not fit the function of advertisements (Cover et al 1995). Furthermore, unlike ordinary ads, a creative ad is usually more difficult to produce and express. A wonderful creativity like Carlton Draught ad needs a group of practitioners' wisdom and hard work to design and to implement. . Advertisements without creativity Advertisements without creativity are those who tell the commercial messages in expected ways, namely ordinary ads or normal ads.As the ad of Toasting Beer proves, advertisements do exist without creativity. 6. 6 Advantages Hegel said â€Å"all that is real is rational†, in this case, ordinary ads also have their advantages. Ordinary ads are much easier to design, produce and implement. Because they do not require for a large group's brain storm, normal ads are usually cheaper than creative ads. Moreover, due to the fact that it does not have creativity inside, an ordinary ad could fulfill the function of advertising, which is to tell target audience the commercial messages, in a direct way. 6. Disadvantages Comparing to advertisements with creativity, the disadvantages of ordinary ads are obvious. Firstly, audience ignores ordinary ads (SCM 2012). People think these ads are boring and sometimes even forget about them. Secondly, ordinary ads can hardly possible. When it happens, ads could not even fulfill its basic function which is benefit claim. Thirdly, ordinary ads are all similar, especially ads of the products in the same category. Therefore it would be much more difficult for consumers to remember the ads and the products after watching them.So that normal ads would hardly be effective. The most importan t one is sometimes practitioners and publishers like to repeat the same short ads which have only a few words three or more times continuously. This method does help to make people remember the product. However, it will always cause peoples negative feelings. Negative feelings sometimes could be used for deeper promotion (Young 2006), however, sometimes are quite deadly and needs practitioners to be risky. . Conclusion Ultimately, it is widely accepted that the creativity is an important component of advertising.With the element of creativity, the practitioners could make successful ads and advertising campaigns. The creativity could be beneficial to the broadcast and benefit claim of the products, services or concepts. On the other hand, at the right beginning of advertising activities, there were only simply notifications without any creativity, and they still had the basic function of ads. This evidence shows that advertising could still exist without creativity. These ordinary a ds are rational and sometimes are also useful based on different brands' backgrounds and current situations.

Medical Ethics

Medical ethics is of paramount importance for a physician because he is dealing with something as delicate as human life. Medical profession, therefore, presupposes on the part of a doctor a code of conduct to which he has to adhere personally and professionally. A doctor has to bear in mind constantly and scrupulously that he is not in the rat race of minting money but he is an inseparable part of a noble occupation where considerations of kindness and compassion takes precedence over callousness and casualness because a doctor is wielding his blade to cure not to kill. DEFINITION: Medical ethics is the set of rules for evaluating the merits, demerits as well as hazards, and social concerns regarding activities in the field of medical practice. INTRODUCTION: Medical ethics has many things in common with the ethics in other branches of medical science like nursing and healthcare. Ethical thinkers have advocated many reliable methods useful in evaluating the ethics of a particular situation. These methods put forward forward certain principles which medical practitioners should consider while making a medical decision. Six General principles of medical ethics are as under: Six General Principles of Medical Ethics: 1 A physician shall devote himself to the task of providing competent medical treatment and care, with kindness and respect and shall hold in high esteem human dignity and rights. 2 A physician shall safeguard the standard of professionalism, be honest and above reproach in his interactions, and strive to expose physicians who are deficient in their character or competence, or are engaging in fraudulent practice or deception. A physician shall continue to acquire, apply, and further scientific knowledge, shall be committed to medical education, He shall be making relevant information available to his patients, his colleagues, and the public, shall consult, and use the talent of other health experts when required. 4 A physician shall not shirk from the responsibility of participating in activities which improve the community and contribute towards betterment of public health. 5 A physician shall, at the time caring a patient, consider his responsibility to the patient of paramount importance. A physician shall make medical care accessible to all people Four core principles of medical ethics are as under: 1 Immoral Beneficence: Ethical Principle of immoral beneficence categorically states that the physician should not allow a conflict-of-interest to influence medical judgment. For instance, doctors who get income from referring patients to patologists/pathological laboratories medical tests have been shown to refer more and more patients for medical tests not for diagnostic purpose but for getting commission from pathologists. This practice is prohibited by the Ethics Manual Of American College of Physicians with a view to preventing a doctor forming an unholy nexus with a pathologist. 2 Killing a patient or committing Abortion: According to Hippocrates oath a doctor will follow a system,according to his ability and judgement which he considers good for his patient and he will abstain from harmful and mischievous practice. He will not give to a woman any medicine to produce abortion . He will not give deadly medicine to anyone even if asked . A doctor will pass his life with purity and holiness and practice his art honestly. 3 Prohibition of Sexual relationships with the Patient : Medical ethics proscribes sexual relationship between a doctor and a patient. Doctors who break this rule are made to face deregistration and prosecution. 4 Not to Treat family members: According to this principle of medical ethics It is considered inappropriate for a doctor to treat members of his own family (parents , children, partners etc. ) The reason behind this is that the patient may not to be open and honest regarding his condition, because of the family relationship, and that the family relationship may even be used to compel the patient in to agree to treatment he might otherwise have not, thus treating patient of ones own family amounts to interference with patient’s autonomy. Secondly, however, a patient with a doctor in his family may prefer to seek treatment from him , due to the greater trust he has in him, the greater convenience he represents but it is not good because in certain cases family relation is used to exert pressure or used for manipulating the physician into providing treatment he might otherwise see as inappropriate in the facts and cicumstances of the patient (e. g. anorexiants, drugs of addiction).